Alphabetizing the reference list for sources with no known author If the reference is overtly signed “Anonymous,” then you can add the entry to the reference list as if “Anonymous” were the author’s last name.Īnonymous. Penguin Random House.Ģ2 new apple varieties. For further information on creating reference list citations, see this guide on APA citations. To add a reference with no author to the reference list, first move the title of the reference to the author position in your citation. (Anonymous, 2020) Citing in the reference list when there are no authors Only use the capitalized word “Anonymous” in place of the author’s name when it’s overtly designated, not as a general substitute for a reference with an unknown author. (“22 New Apple Varieties,” 1997) Author designated as “Anonymous” If the source title is italicized in the reference list entry, italicize the title in the in-text citation (example: books when cited in APA).This means it is part of a larger work (like when citing a journal article from a journal in APA).If the source is not italicized in the reference list entry, place the title in quotation marks (“ ”) in the in-text citation.The title should have each significant word capitalized (basically sentence case).If a reference has an unknown author, the title of the work substitutes as the author name in the in-text citation. Narrative citation for source with author:
Parenthetical citation for source with author: This formatting applies if your source has one author or if you are citing a source with multiple authors in APA. In narrative citations, the author’s last name is incorporated into the sentence. In parenthetical citations, this structure includes the author’s last name and the publication year (with a comma separating them) in parentheses. uses the author-date citation system for citing references in-text. Citing in-text when there are no authorsĪPA 7th ed.
Before treating a reference as though it has no author, consider whether a group or organization (such as a government agency, association, nonprofit organization, business, hospital, task force, or study group) could be the author by checking the cover or title page. This article covers how to cite in APA Style (7th ed.) when there are no known authors for a reference or when the author is unknown or cannot be reasonably determined.
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